Editorial Policy
How we create, review, and maintain educational content about spine surgery
Purpose of This Content
Important: This content is for educational purposes only.
The information on this website does not constitute medical advice and should not be used to diagnose or treat any medical condition. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized medical guidance.
Greenberg Spine provides educational content to help patients understand spine conditions, treatment options, and surgical decision-making. Our goal is to support informed conversations between patients and their healthcare providers—not to replace clinical evaluation.
We believe patients benefit from understanding their imaging findings, knowing what questions to ask, and learning about the evidence behind different treatment approaches. This content is designed to facilitate that understanding.
Authorship & Clinical Expertise
All educational content on this website is authored or reviewed by Dr. Marc Greenberg, MD, a fellowship-trained orthopedic spine surgeon.
Dr. Greenberg's Training
- Medical School: Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (Magna Cum Laude)
- Residency: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Orthopedic Surgery
- Fellowship: Brown University, Minimally Invasive & Motion-Preserving Spine Surgery
Dr. Greenberg's clinical perspective is informed by fellowship training in complex spine surgery, peer-reviewed research contributions, and a commitment to evidence-based practice. Learn more about Dr. Greenberg.
Content Review & Update Process
Our educational content follows a structured review and update process:
Initial Creation
All content is written or directly reviewed by Dr. Greenberg to ensure clinical accuracy and appropriate framing of surgical decision-making.
Regular Updates
Content is reviewed and updated at least annually, or more frequently when new evidence emerges or clinical guidelines change. Each page displays its last review date.
Evidence-Based Approach
We prioritize information supported by peer-reviewed research, professional society guidelines, and established clinical practice. When discussing emerging techniques, we clearly identify them as such.
Conservative Framing
We emphasize appropriate case selection, realistic expectations, and the importance of conservative treatment when appropriate. Surgery is presented as one option among many—not as a universal solution.
Sources & References
Our educational content draws from reputable, evidence-based sources:
Professional Society Guidelines
- • North American Spine Society (NASS)
- • American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
- • American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)
- • Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)
Peer-Reviewed Literature
- • Spine
- • The Spine Journal
- • Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS)
- • New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
- • Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine
Government & Academic Resources
- • National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- • MedlinePlus (NIH)
- • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Clinical Experience
Dr. Greenberg's fellowship training and clinical experience inform practical guidance about surgical decision-making, recovery expectations, and patient selection.
Where specific studies or guidelines are referenced, citations are provided at the bottom of the page. Third-party links are included for educational purposes; no endorsement is implied.
What We Don't Do
- No medical advice: This content cannot diagnose conditions or recommend specific treatments for individual patients.
- No outcome guarantees: We do not promise specific surgical results or recovery timelines.
- No superiority claims: We do not claim to be "the best" or use superlatives to describe our practice.
- No hype or marketing language: We prioritize clear, accurate information over promotional messaging.
- No cherry-picked statistics: When outcomes data is presented, we provide context and acknowledge limitations.
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided on this website is for general educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical consultation, diagnosis, or treatment.
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. Greenberg Spine does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on this website.
Reliance on any information provided by Greenberg Spine, its employees, or others appearing on this website is solely at your own risk.
Questions About Our Content?
If you have questions about our editorial process, content accuracy, or would like to report an error, please contact us.
Last updated: February 2026