Outcomes & Research

Transparent quality metrics, research publications, and evidence-based spine care from fellowship-trained expertise.

Outcomes Snapshot

Rolling 12-month internal registry results/targets — updated quarterly. Fellowship-trained at Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Brown University.

0.5%
Infection Rate
Rolling 12 months
Updated Q4 2025
0.9%
Return to OR
Rolling 12 months
Updated Q4 2025
2%
30-Day Readmission
Rolling 12 months
Updated Q4 2025
0.2 days
Average LOS (Outpatient)
Rolling 12 months
Updated Q4 2025
1.3 days
Average LOS (Inpatient)
Rolling 12 months
Updated Q4 2025
24 points
ODI Improvement
6-month follow-up
Updated Q4 2025
22 points
NDI Improvement
6-month follow-up
Updated Q4 2025
4.8 points
VAS Pain Reduction
6-month follow-up
Updated Q4 2025
97%
Patient Satisfaction
6-month follow-up
Updated Q4 2025

Best-in-class targets for elective degenerative spine in a high-volume MIS/motion-preserving program.

Definitions: SSI per CDC criteria; unplanned return-to-OR within 30 days; readmission within 30 days; LOS measured admit→discharge; PROMs are mean improvements from baseline.

Recovery Roadmaps

Typical recovery timelines for our most common procedures. Individual healing varies.

Microdiscectomy

Day 0

Outpatient surgery, home same day

Week 1-2

Walking encouraged, no lifting >10lbs

Week 4-6

Return to desk work, light activities

3 months

Full activity clearance, sports return

Learn more about Microdiscectomy

Endoscopic Decompression

Day 0

Ultra-minimally invasive, bandaid incision

Week 1-2

Immediate walking, minimal restrictions

Week 4-6

Return to work, normal activities

3 months

Complete recovery, athletic activities

Learn more about Endoscopic Decompression

Cervical Disc Replacement

Day 0

Motion-preserving surgery, overnight stay

Week 1-2

Neck collar, gentle movement

Week 4-6

Physical therapy, return to work

3 months

Full motion restoration, sports clearance

Learn more about Cervical Disc Replacement

MIS TLIF

Day 0

Minimally invasive fusion, 1-2 day stay

Week 1-2

Walking program, no bending/twisting

Week 4-6

Physical therapy, gradual activity increase

3 months

Fusion assessment, activity progression

Learn more about MIS TLIF

Research & Publications

Selected publications contributing to the advancement of minimally invasive spine surgery.

Spine: Pain Self-Efficacy (PSEQ) score of <22 is associated with daily opioid use, back pain, disability, and PROMIS scores in patients presenting for spine surgery

Spine • 2023

Authors: Mo KC, Gupta A, Movsik J, Covarrubius O, Greenberg M, Riley LH III, Kebaish KM, Neuman BJ, Skolasky RL

Pain ManagementOpioid UseSpine SurgeryPatient Outcomes

The Cervical Spine

OKU Sports Medicine 6, Chapter 32 • 2023

Authors: M. Greenberg, MD; W. R. Miele, MD; B.Neuman, MD A. J. Khanna, MD, MBA

Cervical SpineSports MedicineTextbook Chapter

Essentials of MRI Physics and Pulse Sequences

MRI for Spine Physicians 3rd edition: Chapter 1 • 2023

Authors: M. Greenberg, MD; J. Khanna MD; R. W. Obray; D. Beall, J. Reeder, J. Carrino, and L. Fayad MD

MRIImagingSpineTextbook Chapter

Preoperative Evaluation and Surgical Counseling in the Elderly

Seminars in Spine Surgery • 2020

Authors: M. Greenberg, MD; P. Passias, MD

Elderly CarePreoperative EvaluationSurgical Planning

Is primary total elbow arthroplasty appropriately compensated compared to other major total joint arthroplasty?

Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES • 2023

Authors: S. Nayar MD, M. Marrache MD, M. Greenberg MD; K. Aziz MD; M. Best MD, U. Srikumaran MD, K. Eberlin MD, N. Chen MD

ArthroplastyHealthcare EconomicsElbow Surgery

Free Falling: Declining Inflation-Adjusted Payment for Arthroplasty Surgeons

The Journal of Arthroplasty • 2023

Authors: S. Nayar, MD; A. MacMahon; J. Mikula MD; M. Greenberg, MD; K. Barry, MD; S. Rao, MD

Healthcare EconomicsArthroplastyPayment Analysis

A 5-Year Cost-Utility Analysis Comparing Synthetic Cage vs Allograft Use in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Spine • 2023

Authors: M. Raad, MD; M. Marrache; W. Durand; M. Greenberg, MD; A. Jain, MD

ACDFCost AnalysisCervical SpineMyelopathy

The Effect of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Radiographic Deformities in Children with Blount Disease

JBJS • 2024

Authors: Benes G, Ghanem D, Badin D, Greenberg M, Honcharuk E

Pediatric OrthopedicsBlount DiseaseSocioeconomic Factors

Racial disparities in lower extremity orthopaedic injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments from 2010–2020

Trauma • 2023

Authors: Gupta, A., Singh, P., Badin, D., Mo, K.C., Greenberg, M., Musharbash, F.N., Hughes, A.J., Ficke, J.R., and Aiyer, A.

Health DisparitiesEmergency MedicineLower ExtremityTrauma

The Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery • 2022

Authors: Frederick Mun; Arjun Gupta; Rachel Bronheim; Marc Greenberg; Micheal Raad; Ettore Vulcano; Anish R. Kadakia; Amiethab Aiyer

Systematic ReviewNicotineMusculoskeletal Health

Operative Treatment Delays of Vancouver B2 Fractures are Not Associated with Increased Mortality, Revision, or Reoperation

Journal of Arthroplasty • 2023

Authors: Vargas-Hernandez J, Greenberg M, Cross WW, Barlow J, Abdel M, Yuan B

Fracture ManagementVancouver ClassificationArthroplasty

Cost-Utility Analysis Comparing Laminectomy with Fusion versus Laminoplasty

5 Year Residency Research Project • In Progress

Authors: M. Greenberg, MD; D. Badin; M. Reyes; A. Jain, MD

Cost AnalysisLaminectomyLaminoplastyCervical Spine

Third-party links — no endorsement implied.

Quality & Safety

Comprehensive protocols ensuring the highest standards of surgical care and patient safety.

Infection Prevention

  • Pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis per AANS guidelines
  • Sterile technique with laminar flow OR environment
  • Post-operative wound monitoring protocols
  • Patient education on incision care

Navigation & Robotics

  • Pre-operative CT-based surgical planning
  • Intraoperative navigation verification
  • Robotic accuracy monitoring (sub-millimeter precision)
  • Post-operative imaging confirmation

Checklist Culture

  • WHO surgical safety checklist compliance
  • Time-out procedures for patient verification
  • Equipment safety checks and calibration
  • Team communication protocols

Experience Evidence-Based Spine Care

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