Adult Scoliosis
Adult scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that develops or progresses in adulthood. Unlike adolescent scoliosis, adult scoliosis often causes pain and can significantly impact quality of life.
Symptoms of Adult Scoliosis
- Visible spine curvature - Uneven shoulders, waist, or hip alignment
- Back pain - Often worse with standing or walking
- Leg pain or numbness - Due to nerve compression
- Fatigue - From muscle strain and imbalance
- Difficulty walking - Reduced walking tolerance
- Breathing problems - In severe cases affecting the ribcage
- Loss of height - Progressive spinal collapse
- Balance issues - Difficulty maintaining upright posture
Causes of Adult Scoliosis
Degenerative Scoliosis
Age-related wear and tear of spinal discs and joints, leading to asymmetric collapse and curvature development.
Progressive Adolescent Scoliosis
Curves that were present during adolescence but continue to progress into adulthood.
Secondary Causes
Osteoporosis, previous spinal surgery, neuromuscular conditions, or spinal tumors.
Risk Factors
Female gender, age over 50, family history, and previous spinal conditions increase risk.
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
Dr. Greenberg will assess your posture, spine alignment, and perform neurological tests to evaluate nerve function. The forward bend test helps identify spinal curvature and rib prominence.
Imaging Studies
- X-rays: Full-spine standing X-rays to measure curve angles
- MRI: Detailed view of spinal cord and nerve compression
- CT scan: Bone detail and surgical planning when needed
Why Greenberg Spine
Dr. Greenberg's fellowship training at Mayo • Hopkins • Brown provides expertise in complex scoliosis correction using the latest robotic and minimally invasive techniques.
- Advanced 3D imaging analysis
- Robotic-assisted precision
- Motion-preserving options when appropriate
Conservative Treatment
Physical Therapy
Strengthening exercises, postural training, and flexibility work to improve function and reduce pain.
Pain Management
Anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, and targeted injections for symptom relief.
Activity Modification
Lifestyle adjustments and ergonomic improvements to reduce strain on the spine.
When to Consider Surgery
Objective Surgical Criteria
Surgery is typically recommended when conservative treatment fails and specific criteria are met.
Clinical Indications
- Curve progression greater than 50 degrees
- Severe pain affecting quality of life
- Neurological symptoms or weakness
- Progressive loss of function
Surgical Goals
- Prevent curve progression
- Improve spinal balance
- Relieve nerve compression
- Reduce pain and improve function
Recovery Expectations
Recovery Timeline
Hospital Stay (3-5 days)
Pain management, mobility assessment, and initial recovery monitoring.
First 6 Weeks
Gradual increase in walking, no lifting over 10 pounds, physical therapy begins.
3-6 Months
Fusion healing, return to most activities, continued strengthening.
6-12 Months
Full fusion maturation, return to all activities including sports.
What to Expect
Pain Relief
Most patients experience significant pain reduction within 3-6 months.
Improved Function
Walking tolerance and daily activities typically improve progressively.
Curve Correction
Spinal alignment improvement is maintained long-term with successful fusion.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes adult scoliosis?
Adult scoliosis can be caused by progression of adolescent scoliosis, degenerative changes in the spine, osteoporosis, or previous spinal surgery. Age-related wear and tear is the most common cause.
When is surgery recommended for adult scoliosis?
Surgery is typically recommended when the curve is greater than 50 degrees, causing significant pain, neurological symptoms, or progressive deformity that affects quality of life.
What are the surgical options for adult scoliosis?
Surgical options include spinal fusion with instrumentation, osteotomies for severe curves, and minimally invasive techniques when appropriate. The specific approach depends on curve severity and patient factors.
How long is recovery from scoliosis surgery?
Recovery typically takes 3-6 months for fusion to occur, with gradual return to activities. Most patients can return to light activities in 6-8 weeks and full activities in 3-4 months.
Can adult scoliosis be treated without surgery?
Yes, non-surgical treatments include physical therapy, pain management, bracing in some cases, and activity modification. Surgery is reserved for cases where conservative treatment fails.
Related Conditions
Experiencing Adult Scoliosis? Schedule a consultation with Dr. Marc Greenberg.
Get expert evaluation and learn about your treatment options.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Individual results may vary. Consult with Dr. Greenberg to determine the most appropriate treatment for your specific condition.